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ABS vs PP vs PC, What’s difference between them? Which is better? Let’s talk about it and explore the use of them in Fiber Terminal Box.Read more →
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What is optical receiver? An optical receiver is a device that converts optical signals transmitted by optical fibers into electrical signals in communications. This article provides a more comprehensive introduction to what is optical receiver and the consist of optical receiver, how optical receiver works with fiber optic, and how optical receiver works with optical transmitter. What is optical receiver? The optical receiver is one of the important devices in the catv optical fiber communication system. The main function of the optical receiver is to receive the optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber and convert it into the electrical signal in CATV communication system. The optical receiver can also perform associated signal processing or amplify the signal. Optical receivers are mainly used in CATV systems, broadband access networks and large-scale optical fiber communication networks. Why does an optical receiver consist of a photodetector and a transimpedance amplifier? The consist of optical receiver Optical receivers usually consist of photodetectors and transimpedance amplifiers. This has to do with how optical receivers work. Photodetector The photodeterctor is the main component of the optical receiver. There are photodetectors made of many materials, Silicon, for example, is the most commonly used material for making photodetectors. Photoelectric ceramic materials, which have high density and high mechanical strength. They are often used in the manufacture of infrared photodetectors. Semiconductor materials, photodetectors made of this material have high sensitivity and fast response. The main function of photodetectors in optical receivers is to convert optical signals into electrical signals. This process mainly relies on the photoelectric effect. The basic steps for converting optical signals into electrical signals are: 1.Photon absorption When light strikes the light-sensitive material of a photodetector, the photons interact with the atoms in the material. 2.Electronic excitation After the photon is absorbed by the material, the electrons…Read more →
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This article describe most common alternatives to SDH and PDH.They are WDM technology, Ethernet Over SONET (EOS) and Packet Over SONET (POS).Read more →
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What is SDH? Why SDH? SDH, also known as Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, is a synchronous transmission technology based on optical fiber communication systems. It is widely used in many fields such as telecommunications, communications, security, and medical care. This article mainly introduces the advantage and disadvantage of SDH technology. Part I.What is SDH? What is SDH ? SDH, also known as Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, is a synchronous transmission technology based on optical fiber communication systems. SDH is also a transmission network system. It is different from PDH in that it is an information structure. It can provide corresponding levels of information for the transmission of digital signals at different rates. SDH is a synchronous TDM technology that multiplexes low-order signals into high-order signals. The multiplexing feature of SDH is reflected in its ability to multiplex 63 channels of 2.048Mbps E1 signals into the 155.52Mbps signal STM-1. SDH is fully compatible with the existing PDH network. It can also accommodate various new digital service signals. Part II. What’s the advantage of SDH? 1.Highly Unified Standards SDH has a globally unified network node interface (NNI) and multiplexing structure. The unified network node interface specifies the interface rate, interface form, interface signal level characteristics, timing characteristics, and synchronization methods between devices. This means that no matter which manufacturer produces SDH equipment. As long as they follow this unified interface standard, they can be easily connected together to form a complete communication network. This feature of SDH enables equipment produced by different manufacturers to connect and interoperate with each other. This greatly improves the compatibility and flexibility of the network. 2.Strong Network Management Capabilities Strong Network management capabilities is one of the advantage of sdh. The SDH frame structure contains a wealth of overhead bits. It provide powerful support for network operation, management, maintenance,…Read more →
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What is an SFP Module? SFP Module is used for data transmission. This article describe how to use SFP Module and how to take care SFP module.Read more → -
What is ONU ? ONU (Optical Network Unit) is one of the key components for providing high-speed Internet services. Its primary function is to act as a terminal device located at the user’s premises. However, people are often confused as to difference between onu and router, whether an ONU can Work As a Router. In this blog post, we’ll explore as below : What is ONU, What Is Router, ONU and Router’s main application, What is the difference between ONU and Router. More types of ONU Click here . Meaning of ONU and Router What is ONU ? ONU (Optical Network Unit), also known as single-port optical transceiver, is a three-piece optical fiber transmission equipment. ONU usually has four output interfaces, which can convert the received optical signals into electrical signals. Essentially, an ONU acts as a bridge between the optical network and user devices such as computers, phones, or smart TVs. What is Router ? A router is a gateway that connects two or more networks, connecting non-TCP/IP networks to the Internet. The specific performance is to read the address in each data packet, parse different protocols and select the best route to send the data packet to the specified location. Connections And Differences between ONU and Router 1.ONU And Router – What Is the difference between their functions? While an ONU facilitates data transmission, it is important to note that its primary focus is not on network management or advanced routing features. An ONU is designed to provide connectivity rather than full-fledged routing capabilities. Its main purpose is to ensure efficient transmission of data between the optical network and the user’s devices. ONU Router Nature Network terminal equipment Network hardware equipment Function Convert optical signal to electrical signal Read and transfer data Interface One Fiber port & One / Multi Ethernet ports…Read more →
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What is SDH and PDH? What’s the difference between SDH and PDH? SDH vs PDH are two different synchronous transmission methods. By reading this article, you can learn as below : What is SDH? What is PDH? SDH and PDH difference; SDH vs PDH -How to Choose? SDH and PDH ’s Alternative More types of SDH and PDH product click here. Part I.What is SDH and PDH? What is SDH ? SDH called Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, is a synchronous transmission technology based on optical fiber communication system. SDH is a synchronous TDM technology that multiplexes low-order signals into high-order signals. Because the entire network is synchronized, users can easily embed and extract individual bit streams within the data stream. SDH is also a multiplexing technology. It provides fast network interconnection, combining low bit data streams with high bit data streams. The multiplexing feature of SDH is reflected in its ability to multiplex 63 channels of 2.048Mbps E1 signals into the 155.52Mbps signal STM-1. What is PDH? PDH called Parallel Data Highway, is a quasi-synchronous transmission technology based on digital transmission. PDH is a synchronous TDM technology that multiplexes different data streams into a single signal. PDH defines multiple multiplexing levels, such as 2Mbps (E1), 8Mbps (E1) and 34Mbps (E4). The multiplexing feature of PDH is reflected in that it can multiplex 30 64Kbps channels into the 2.048Mbps signal E1. Part II.SDH vs PDH : What difference and How to Choose SDH vs PDH – Key difference SDH PDH Max Capacity 64G 34M Max rate 40Gbps 566Mbps Min rate 155.52Mbps 1.544Mbps Cost High Low Interface Standard optical interface Regional electrical interface Transfer synchronous quasi-synchronous Network Chain and Ring Point to Point 1.Capacity and Speed The maximum capacity of SDH is 64G. The maximum capacity of PDH is 34M. The biggest difference…Read more →
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What is E1 ? What’s the difference between framed and unframed E1 ? This article mainly focuses on revealing framed and unframed E1 difference. Part I.What is E1 and E1 Interface? What is E1? In the field of communications, E1 is the abbreviation of European Group 1, commonly known as 2M. E1, the European equivalent of T1, is a point-to-point digital line service provided by a common operator. E1 is used in private data networks as well as cellular, Wi-Fi and fixed network backhaul. What is E1 interface? The E1 interface is a digital transmission interface commonly used in telephone networks and data communications. The E1 interface uses 8-bit data frames with a rate of 2.048Mbps. It is usually used to connect enterprise telephone switches and public switched telephone networks. The E1 interface can support 30 voice channels or transmit large amounts of data. Part II.Framed and Unframed E1 – difference and application Difference 1. Time slot The key difference between framed E1 and unframed E1 is whether time slot 0 is occupied. If it is occupied, it is framed; if it is not occupied, it is unframed. Framed E1 is divided into two formats: 30 and 31. The 0 time slots of these two formats are all occupied. The 0 time slot of unframed E1 is not occupied. 2. Speed The framed E1 rate is 1984K and the unframed E1 rate is 2048K. Specifically, since time slot 0 of framed E1 is occupied, time slot 0 of unframed E1 is not occupied, and each time slot supports one 64Kbps channel. Therefore the rate of framed E1 is 64Kbps lower than the rate of unframed E1. 3. Carrying data Framed E1 carries data in order, and framing directly encapsulates data into frames for transmission. Instead of carrying data out of…Read more →
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What is GPON? What is XGSPON? What difference between XGS PON vs GPON vs XG PON ? Reading this article, you can learn as below: What is XGSPON, XGPON, GPON? Difference between XGS-PON, XGPON and GPON; Similar betweenXGS PON vs GPON vs XG PON; Application of XGS-PON、XGPON、GPON. Part I. XGS PON vs GPON vs XG PON – What ‘s the Meaning of them? What is GPON? GPON is a single-point-to-multipoint network technology. GPON is the abbreviation of broadband passive optical integrated access technology. It provides broadband access to end users through fiber optic cables. It is ahead of the PON standard. What is XGSPON? XGSPON is a symmetrical 10G PON technology. XGSPON is enhanced on the basis of GPON and XGPON. XGS-PON is based on the GPON standard. It supports a wide range of applications, including HD video streaming, online gaming and cloud computing. What is XGPON? XGPON is a new generation of optical fiber network technology based on wavelength division multiplexing technology. It takes wavelength division multiplexing technology to its extreme. XGPON has the characteristics of high speed, large capacity and flexibility. XGS PON XGPON GPON Nature 10G PON Technology Optical Fiber Network Technology Single point to multi point Network Technology Function Provide high bandwidth Provide high bandwidth Provide suitable bandwidth Technology WD And DM WDM WDM Application Large High Speed Network Access Government Network Access Home and Small Business Network Access Part II. XGS PON vs GPON vs XG PON – difference and similarity 1.Speeds GPON The downlink rate of GPON can reach 2.5Gbps and the uplink rate can reach 1.25Gbps. GPON provides asymmetric bandwidth,it is suitable for the Internet access needs of home users. XGSPON The downlink rate of XGSPON can reach 10Gbps and the uplink rate can reach 2.5Gbps. XGSPON provides symmetrical bandwidth to meet high bandwidth requirements. XGPON…Read more →
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In this article, we provide a quick and in-depth understanding of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA).Join us to explore the following key information: What is EDFA? How EDFA works? Features of EDFA. Application of EDFA. What the Meaning of EDFA ? How Does EDFA Works? EDFA,An erbium-doped fiber amplifier is an optical or infrared transponder, also known as an optical amplifier or erbium amplifier. EDFA is a device that can enhance and amplify optical signals. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers based on the characteristics of bait elements. It can amplify light with minimal loss in the 1500nm wavelength region of communication optical fibers. Therefore it plays an key role in the field of long-distance optical fiber communications. How does Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Works? EDFA called Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, working mainly depends on the characteristics of the bait element. When the pump light source provides energy to the erbium-doped fiber, the erbium ions will absorb the energy of the pump light source and be excited to a higher energy absorption state. EDFA achieves optical signal amplification mainly through two aspects. On the one hand, when the input optical signal enters the erbium-doped fiber,the excited bait ions will emit photons with the same wavelength with the input signal. On the other hand, By placing a reflector in the optical signal propagation path. EDFA can realize multiple round trips of optical signals in the erbium-doped optical fiber, thus increasing the number of interactions between the optical signal and erbium ions. Features of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier( EDFA ) 1. Broadband characteristics The gain bandwidth of EDFA is usually in the range of 1525~1565nm, covering the entire C-band and L-band. This characteristic enables Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier to amplify optical signals of multiple wavelengths simultaneously. Therefore, the transmission capacity of the system is increased. 2. High gain The…Read more →
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Loose Tube Vs Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable are two structural forms of optical cables. Don’t know how to choose? Let’s introduce the structure of this two optical cables and how to choose and apply.Read more →
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This article answers Cat5e and Cat6 difference,physical difference between cat5 and cat6 , which one is better from the reader’s perspective.Read more →
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OTDR vs Optic Power Meter, Which One Should You Choose?Read more → -
fiber optical power meter, how to use optical power fiber meter? The article tell us the use steps and common working problems resolutions.Read more →
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Learn fiber optic splicing: What is Fiber Optic Splicing? It is a process used by a professional to fuse two or more fiber cables. Fiber optic splicing typically results in lower light loss and back reflection than termination making it the preferred method when the cable runs are too long for a single length of fiber or when joining two different types of cable together, such as a 48-fiber cable to four 12-fiber cables. Let us learn fiber optic splicing points. Fiber Optic Splicing Work Steps Step #1 – Strip the fibers The splicing process begins with the preparation for both fibers ends to be fused. So you need to strip all protective coating, jackets, tubes, strength members and so on, just leaving the bare fiber showing. It is noted that the cables should be extremely clean. Step #2 – Clean and cleave the fibers A good cleaver is necessary for a successful splicing. Step #3 – Fuse the fibers Step #4 – Protect the fiber Use heat shrink sleeves to protect the optical fiber. More details of splicing, please visit below link: How to Splice Fiber Optic Cable Learn fiber optic splicing: not Splice When Optic In Fiber It cannot be spliced when there is light in the optical fiber, because splicing when there is light may cause deterioration of splicing quality. The splicing fiber has high loss, or even broken. Especially do not splice the optical fiber if it is connected to a high-power device, such as catv amplifier and CATV fiber optic transmitter. These device produce much strong optical, which may cause damage to the fiber splicer machine or other testing device, like OTDR etc. Another reminder, Do not look directly at the end face of the fiber when cleaving the fiber or it may be…Read more →
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